"Alfred Russel Wallace." Interview by W. B. Northrop. Outlook 22 Nov. 1913: n. pag. Print. This was an interview of Wallace showing his views on life and how he felt he differed from Darwin. I used a quote from the interview on my landing Behind the Scenes page.
Annie Mitten. Digital image. The Alfred Russel Wallace Page. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2016. <http://wallacefund.info/files/Annie%20Wallace%20c.%201895%20from%20Marchant%20%281916%29.EDITED_0.jpg>. This is an image of Wallace's wife. I used this image on my timeline for the event of his marriage.
Aru Islets. Digital image. East-indonesia.info. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2016. <http://www.east-indonesia.info/regions/maluku-travel-information-aru-islands.html>. This image is a current-day image of the Aru Islands, which Wallace visited. It was used to illustrate what the islands look like. I used it on my People and Culture Encounters page.
Beccaloni, G. W. Wallace's Birthplace: Kensington Cottage. (c. 1900). Digital image. The Alfred Russel Wallace Website. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2016. <http://wallacefund.info/files/KensingtonCottageInLate19thCentury.jpg>. This is an image of Wallace's birthplace. It is in Llanbadoc, a smaller town near Usk, Wales. I found it for the event of Wallace's birth on my timeline.
Beccaloni, George W. Restored Grave of AR Wallace. Digital image.Wikimedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2016. <https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Restored_grave_of_AR_Wallace.jpg/800px-Restored_grave_of_AR_Wallace.jpg>. This is an image of Wallace's grave, in 2000, after restoration by the Wallace Memorial Fund. I found this after searching for an image to represent Wallace's death on my timeline.
Beccaloni, George. Wallace's School: The Old Hertford Grammar School. Digital image. The Alfred Russel Wallace Website. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2016. <http://wallacefund.info/sites/wallacefund.info/files/The%20old%20Hertford%20Grammar%20School%20building.8.Copyright%20G.%20Beccaloni%202008.Small.jpg>. This is a current day photograph of the school Wallace attended for much of his childhood. It is impressive that the school building is still standing so many years later. I used this on my timeline.
Bickmore, Singapore. Digital image. Wallace Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2016. <http://wallace-online.org/Bickmore,%20Singapore.jpg>.This is an image of Singapore circa 1850. It gave me an idea of what Singapore looked like around the time Wallace visited.
Charles Darwin. Digital image. Biography.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Feb. 2016. <http://www.biography.com/people/charles-darwin-9266433?page=2>. This is an image of Charles Darwin, a close friend of Wallace, the author of the famous book "The Origin of Species," and the co-discover of evolution. I used this portrait on my Scientific Exchange page as an illustration of Darwin when I wrote about Wallace sending his Sarawak Law to Darwin.
China Street in 19th Century (Singapore). Digital image. Remember Singapore. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2016. <https://remembersingapore.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/china-street-19th-century.jpg>. This image shows China street in Singapore. It adds to the my demonstration of the diversity in Singapore. I used this on my People and Culture Encounters page.
Chinese Laborers in Sarawak. Digital image. Sarikei Time Capsule. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2016. <http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_1ACk9BbS_Lg/RsH9e3BEZAI/AAAAAAAAAnE/QJc-r_gkz-4/s400/IMG_0076.JPG>. This is an image of the cover of "Chinese Pioneers on the Sarawak Frontier." Wallace encountered Chinese laborers working on a railroad in Sarawak, so I found this photograph which shows me what they may have looked like. I used this image on my People and Culture Encounters page to represent the diversity of people that Wallace encountered in Sarawak.
Cockerell, Theodore D. A. "Recollections of Dr. Alfred Russel Wallace."Science 38.990 (1913): 871-77. The Alfred Russel Wallace Page. Web. 10 May 2016. <http://people.wku.edu/charles.smith/wallace/obitScience.pdf>.This is one of the many eulogies for Wallace which summed up his life and achievements. The introductory segment was particularly poignant. Because of this, I used it on my significance page.
The Collegiate School In Leicester. Digital image. The Alfred Russel Wallace Website. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2016. <http://wallacefund.info/files/CollegiateSchool.jpg>. This is an image of the Collegiate School In Leicester, where Wallace stayed. He met Henry Walter Bates here. I used this image on my timeline.
Colonel William John Butterworth. Digital image. Penang Travel Tips. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2016. <http://www.penang-traveltips.com/pics/william-john-butterworth.jpg>. This is an image of Butterworth, governor of the Straits Settlement at the beginning of Wallace's stay in the Malay Archipelago. I hunted for an image to represent the British government Wallace encountered in Singapore and found this image, which I used this on my encounter page.
Craig, Alexander. Charles Lyell. 1840. Wikimedia. Web. 27 Jan. 2016. <https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9c/Lyell_1840.jpg>.This is a painting of Charles Lyell when he was 43. This image showed me the man who was a close friend of Darwin. I used this image on my Scientific Exchange page where I wrote of Lyell and Hooker's presentation of Wallace and Darwin's joint paper on natural selection.
Dayak Head Hunter from Borneo. Digital image. Tropenmuseum. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2016. <http://collectie.wereldculturen.nl/Default.aspx?ccid=234850&lang=>. This is an image of a Dayak headhunter from Borneo. It allowed me to visualize the Dayak headhunters that Wallace lived among. He said the Dayak's were honest to a fault and very respectful of each other's rights and properties, and headhunting was the only violence. It was used on my people and culture encounter page.
Dayak Longhouses in Borneo. Digital image. Tropenmuseum. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2016. <http://collectie.wereldculturen.nl/Default.aspx?ccid=303925&lang=>. This is an image of Dayak longhouse in Borneo. I employed it to demonstrate the kind of communal living in the culture of the natives Wallace encountered. I put it on my People and Culture Encounters page in the Sarawak section.
Euchirus. Digital image. The Alfred Russel Wallace Correspondence Project. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2016. <http://wallaceletters.info/file/34>. This is a photograph of a long-armed Chafer beetle that Wallace collected. Wallace collected this beetle on Ambon Island only when it was drinking from the sugar palms. This is the same beetle that is largest on the banner. I used it on my Nature Encounters page.
Fort Canning of the British Government from Singapore River, 1860s-1890s [The National Archives (United Kingdom)]. Digital image.The National Archives (United Kingdom). N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2016. <https://images.nationalarchives.gov.uk/assetbank-nationalarchives/action/viewAsset?id=40374&index=0&total=9&view=viewSearchItem>. This is an image of Fort Canning in Singapore around the time Wallace was there. It shows me what he may have seen. I found it to provide contrast to the native Malay pile homes. I placed this image in the Singapore section of my People and Culture Encounter page.
Grant, Francis. Sir James Brooke (1847). Digital image. Wikimedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Jan. 2016. <https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Sir_James_Brooke_%281847%29_by_Francis_Grant.jpg>. This was an image of the European rajah, Sir James Brooke. He and Wallace were friends; Wallace named a butterfly he discovered after Brooke - the Rajah Brooke’s Birdwing (Trogonoptera brookiana). I used this image on my People and Culture Encounters page.
Henry Walter Bates. Digital image. Natural History Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2016. <http://piclib.nhm.ac.uk/results.asp?image=035473&itemw=4&itemf=0001&itemstep=1&itemx=1>.This is an image of Henry Walter Bates, fellow beetle enthusiast and companion to Wallace on his South America journey. Bates later went on to discover what is now known as "Batesian Mimicry." I used this image on my timeline and my background page.
Indian Washmen in Singapore Postcard. Digital image. Postcardman. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2016. This is an image of Indian washmen from the 1900s. It is one of the many people groups of Singapore. It placed it in my Singapore section of my People and Culture Encounters page to illustrate the diversity of people that Wallace encountered.
Inhabitants of the Eastern Coast of the Aru Islands. Digital image. Special Collections of the University of Amsterdam. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Feb. 2016. <http://www.bijzonderecollecties.uva.nl/en/>. This is an image of some Aru Islanders from the eastern-shore, illustrating the people of the Aru Islands. I used this image on my People and Culture Encounters page.
Kayan and Sea Dayak in Chawat. Digital image. Wellcome Images. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Feb. 2016. <http://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/obf_images/16/7d/b2d235985be78d74e6b40a337922.jpg>. I found this photograph of the Dayaks wearing the "chawat" when I searched for an image of the "chawat" or waist cloth that Wallace admired. I then used it on my Cultural Exchange page.
Kuching, Brooke Sarawak 1848. Digital image. Alternate History. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2016. <http://www.alternatehistory.com/discussion/showthread.php?t=311331>. This is an image showing Kuching, while Brooke was Rajah, which was around the time Wallace was there. I used this image on my People and Culture Encounter page.
Malay Villagers. Digital image. Your Singapore. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2016. <http://www.yoursingapore.com/about-singapore/singapore-history/people-of-singapore/_jcr_content/par/mobile_content_slide/sliderpar/knowsg_sgfaces_conte_2/content/item_2.thumbnail.image-path.350.197.jpg>. This is an photograph of Malay villagers in Singapore. I sought it out in order to display the diversity of Singapore. I used this image on my People and Culture Encounter page.
Map of the Malay Archipelago Wallace 1869. Image. Wikimedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2016. <https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Map_of_Malay_Archipelago_Wallace_1869.jpg>. This image helped me understand where Wallace was in relation to other places in his travels. I used it for my interactive map on my exploration page. It was also a guide for me when I was reading his book, "The Malay Archipelago."
"News of the Book World." The Minneapolis Journal 13 Jan. 1904: n. pag. Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Web. 16 May 2016. <http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045366/1904-01-13/ed-1/seq-4/#date1=1836&index=12&rows=20&words=Alfred+Russel+Wallace&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1922&proxtext=Alfred+Russel+Wallace&y=19&x=21&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1>. This article is about Wallace's book "Man's Place in the Universe." It's discusses the problem and gives a brief outline of the book. This article shows the interest in Wallace's writings, even in the United States.
Photographer of G.R. Lambert & Company. A Group of Coolies in Singapore Taking a Break from Their Work at a Pier. Digital image. Wikimedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2016. <https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Photographic_Views_of_Singapore_Plate_13_Group_of_Coolies.jpg>. This is an image of some laborers taking a break. It shows me some of the people of Singapore that Wallace may have encountered. I used this on my encounter page.
Portrait of a Group of Papuans from Humboldt Bay in Ternate. Digital image. Tropemuseum. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2016. <http://collectie.wereldculturen.nl/default.aspx?idx=ALL&field=*&search=60010162>. This image of these Papuans was used to illustrate the Papuans Wallace encountered on a boat from Ternate to Sedingole. I looked for it after reading Wallace's account of this encounter. It was used on my People and Culture Encounters page.
Primitive Pile Homes of the Natives of Singapore. Digital image. Anak Si Hamid Blogspot. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2016. <http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-83E1r4_aJYw/UhI2SW6OJbI/AAAAAAAAEaU/BiQOgBA0Th8/s1600/Scan10002Early+S'pore+Kg.JPG>.This image is of some of the natives' pile homes in Singapore. I contrasted it to the British architecture on my People and Culture Encounter page.
Seibel, George. "Darwin and Lincoln Born the Same Day." The Daily Missoulian 7 Feb. 1909: 10. The Daily Missoulian. Chronicling America. Web. 16 May 2016. <http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83025316/1909-02-07/ed-1/seq-10/#>. This newspaper article is about Charles Darwin. It covers what Darwin's theory was, the reception of natural selection, Darwin's character, Darwin's exploration on the Beagle, and Wallace with his Ternate Essay. I used a quote from this article about Darwin and the reception of natural selection on my Significance page. The main purpose of this was to show the aftermath of the theory of natural selection being published: the gradual acceptance of the theory by most people and the key role in science it took on. It also demonstrated how, although Wallace was celebrated, the theory was more seen as Darwin's theory than Wallace's.
Singapur. N.d. Asian Civilizations Museum. Web. 15 May 2016. <http://spiceislandsblog.com/2014/09/08/east-indies-the-english-east-india-company-and-the-founding-of-singapore/>. This image of Singapore shows the diversity and the bustle of the town. I liked how well this painting displayed the liveliness of the harbor. I chose this image for my People and Culture Encounter page.
Sinking of Helen. Digital image. The Alfred Russel Wallace Website. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2016. <http://wallacefund.info/sites/wallacefund.info/files/SinkingOfHelen.jpg>. "The Helen" was Wallace's boat when he was coming back from the Malay Archipelago. I hunted for an image of it's sinking which occurred when Wallace was coming back for my timeline and Background page. I found and used this image as I originally intended.
Sultan of Batjan, Pulau Bacan, Maluku Islands, Indonesia. Digital image.All Posters. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Feb. 2016. <http://imgc.allpostersimages.com/images/P-473-488-90/73/7387/GPHP100Z/posters/sultan-of-batjan-pulau-bacan-maluku-islands-indonesia.jpg>. This is an image of a Sultan of the Bacan Islands (Batjan is the Dutch form of Batchian.) I utilized this image to illustrate what the Sultan may have looked like when Wallace met him. I used this image on my Cultural Exchange page.
Thomas Henry Huxley. Digital image. Wikimedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2016. <https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_Henry_Huxley_1874.JPG>. This is an image of Thomas Henry Huxley, known as "Darwin's Bulldog." He coined the term "The Wallace Line." I used this image on my Idea Encounters page, where I wrote about the Wallace Line.
Wallace, Alfred R. "XVIII.— On the Law Which Has Regulated the Introduction of New Species." The Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 2 16.93 (1855): 184-96. Web. This is the original version of Wallace's Sarawak law. It showed me Wallace's biogeographical thoughts and how he was on the track to the theory of evolution.
Wallace, Alfred Russel. The Action of Natural Selection on Man. New Haven, CT: C.C. Chatfield, 1871. Print. This is a book that Wallace wrote in 1871. I used an image of the first edition title page in my timeline. It adds to demonstrate how prolific Wallace was as a thinker and writer.
Wallace, Alfred Russel, and Walter Holbrook Gaskell. Contributions to the Theory of Natural Selection: A Series of Essays. London: Macmillan, 1870. Print. This image is a collection of Wallace's essays on natural selection, including "On the Tendency of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely From the Original Type." I used an image of the title page on my timeline for the publishing of this book. It also demonstrates how much Wallace labored over the theory of natural selection.
Wallace, Alfred Russel. Bad times. London: MacMillan, 1885. Print. This book written by Wallace is also called "How to Cause Wealth to be More Equally Distributed." I used an image of the title page on my timeline. This book is an example of Wallace's later explorations of social issues.
Wallace, Alfred Russel. Darwinism; an Exposition of the Theory of Natural Selection, with Some of Its Applications. London, NY: Macmillan, 1890. Print. This is a book by Wallace. He not only writes about natural selection, but shows his good relationship with Darwin and honors him by titling it "Darwinism." I used the title page of this book on my website.
Wallace, Alfred Russel. The Geographical Distribution of Animals. With a Study of the Relations of Living and Extinct Faunas as Elucidating the past Changes of the Earth's Surface. New York: Hafner Pub., 1962. Print. This is one of Wallace's books. In this book, he published a his zoogeographical map, dividing the world into different regions based on the distribution of animals. I used an image of that map on my Idea Encounters page. I used an image of the first edition title page on my timeline.
Wallace, Alfred Russel. Is Mars Habitable? a Critical Examination of Professor Percival Lowell's Book "Mars and Its Canals," with an Alternative Explanation. London: Macmillan, 1907. Print. This a book written by Wallace about Mars in response to "canals" found on Mars. He is one of the first to apply the scientific method to other planets. This is a pioneering work in exobiology. I used an image of the first edition title page on my timeline.
Wallace, Alfred Russel. Island Life, Or, the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras: Including a Revision and Attempted Solution of the Problem of Geological Climates. London: Macmillan, 1880. Print. This is a book by Wallace in 1880. I used an image of the first edition title page on my timeline. This book is what convinced Joseph Dalton Hooker to support Wallace's efforts to obtain pension in acknowledgement of Wallace's tremendous contributions to science. Hooker was originally against the idea because of Wallace's controversial interest in spiritualism.
Wallace, Alfred Russel. Land Nationalisation, Its Necessity and Its Aims; Being a Comparison of the System of Landlord and Tenant with That of Occupying Ownership in Their Influence on the Well-being of the People. London: Trübner, 1882. Print. This is a book published by Wallace. He was the president of the Land Nationalization Society for over thirty years and sincerely believed in the cause. I used an image of the title page on my timeline. This book is another example of Wallace's exploration of social issues and solutions.
Wallace, Alfred Russel. "Letter." Letter to Henry Walter Bates. 11 Oct. 1847. NHM. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2016. <http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/scientific-resources/collections/library-collections/wallace-letters-online/348/348/T/details.html;jsessionid=5B85AE1F0AC5CEC8C49AB54DF6D3817B.web-livecluster2>. This is a letter from Wallace to Bates about his visit to Paris. It is an example of Wallace's friendship with Bates.
Wallace, Alfred Russel. "Letter to Roderick Impey Murchison." Letter to President and Council of the Royal Geographical Society of London. June 1853. Natural History Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2016. <http://www.nhm.ac.uk/resources/research-curation/projects/wallace-correspondence/transcripts/pdf/WCP4308_L4436.pdf>. This was a letter from Wallace asking for free passage to the Malay archipelago. It details his intentions. It helps me understand what Wallace wanted to do there, and how he obtained passage to Singapore.
Wallace, Alfred Russel. The Malay Archipelago, the Land of the Orang-utan and the Bird of Paradise; a Narrative of Travel, with Studies of Man and Nature. New York: Dover Publications, 1962. Print. This book was written by Wallace, giving me insight into what he thought and faced in the Malay archipelago. I feel like this book is one of my most important primary sources if not the most important. It also gave me an understanding of the dates he was at certain places.
Wallace, Alfred Russel. Man's Place in the Universe; a Study of the Results of Scientific Research in Relation to the Unity or Plurality of Worlds. New York: McClure, Phillips, 1903. Print. I used an image of the third edition title page on my timeline. In this book, Wallace addressees the question of whether there is any other inhabited planets in the universe. It, along with the other books Wallace wrote, goes to show Wallace's productivity as a thinking and writer.
Wallace, Alfred Russel. My Life; a Record of Events and Opinions. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1905. Print. This is an autobiographical book written by Wallace. I used an image of the title page on my timeline. I also used an image of Ali, Wallace's servant, from this book on my Exploration page.
Wallace, Alfred Russel. A Narrative of Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro, with an Account of the Native Tribes, and Observations on the Climate, Geology, and Natural History of the Amazon Valley. London, New York, and Melbourne: Wardlock, 1889. Print. This is Wallace's book about his Amazon journey. I used an image of the second edition title page on my timeline.
Wallace, Alfred Russel. On Miracles and Modern Spiritualism: Three Essays. London: James Burns, 1875. Print. This book by Wallace was published in 1875. It shows that he was open-minded and inquisitive despite how much of scientific society looked down on his investigations. This book also adds to my understanding of how vast Wallace's interests were across his life. I used an image of the first edition title page on my timeline.
Wallace, Alfred Russel. "On the Law Which Has Regulated the Introduction of New Species." Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London 171.2 (1960): 141-53. Web. This is a reprint of Wallace's "Sarawak Law." I used an image of the first page on my exchange page; it captures the title better than the original print.
Wallace, Alfred Russel. "On the Tendency of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely from the Original Type." A Series of Essays Contributions to the Theory of Natural Selection (n.d.): 26-44. Print.This was the "Ternate Essay" presented at the Linnean Society of London meeting. It shows me Wallace's theory of natural selection and his important ideas.
Wallace, Alfred Russel. The Rio Negro. Digital image. The Alfred Russel Wallace Page. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2016. <http://people.wku.edu/charles.smith/pics/S011fig1.jpg>. This is an image of a map Wallace created of the Rio Negro. It is the one that helped him get the grant from the Royal Geographical Society. I used this image on my Background page.
Wallace, Alfred Russel. Tropical Nature, and Other Essays. London: Macmillan, 1878. Print. This is a book by Wallace, contributing to show my understanding of how prolific a writer he was. I used an image of the title page on my timeline.
Wallace, Alfred Russel. Wallace Line. Digital image. Wikimedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2016. <https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wallace-line1.jpg>. This image shows the original Wallace line from his 1863 book "On the Physical Geography of the Malay Archipelago." I used it on my timeline.
Wallace, Alfred Russel. The Wonderful Century: Its Successes and Its Failures. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1898. Print. This book was written by Wallace. In this book, he writes about the advancements and what he feels are areas that should be more advanced. I used an image of the title page on my timeline.
Wallace, William. Neath, Wales. C. 1845. The Alfred Russel Wallace Website. Web. 29 Jan. 2016. <http://wallacefund.info/sites/wallacefund.info/files/Painting_of_Neath_by_ARWs_brother_William_in_1845.jpg>. This painting is of Neath, Wales created by Wallace's brother. Wallace stayed there. It shows how Wallace's brother saw Neath around the time Wallace lived there. I used it on my timeline for when Wallace moved to Neath.
Whitlock, Henry Joseph. Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker. Digital image.Wikimedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2016. <https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Joseph_Dalton_Hooker.jpg>. This is an image of Darwin's friend, Joseph Hooker. Hooker also present Wallace and Darwin's co-publication and was an influential botanist and explorer. I used this image on the Scientific Exchange page of my website for the presentation to Wallace and Darwin's co-paper by Hooker and Lyell.
Secondary Sources
Arce, Luis Mario. Brown Barbet (Calorhamphus Fuliginosus). Digital image. The Internet Bird Collection. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2016. <http://ibc.lynxeds.com/photo/brown-barbet-calorhamphus-fuliginosus/bird-feeding-fruit-canopy>. This is an image of the Brown Barbet on the west side of the Wallace Line. It was used in the creation of the poster where I displayed the fauna to the east and west of the Wallace Line on my Idea Encounters page.
Attenborough: The Forgotten Story of Alfred Russel Wallace. Perf. David Attenborough. BBC Science. N.p., 1 Apr. 2011. Web. 30 Jan. 2016. Sir David Attenborough narrated this radio broadcast. I edited a section of the audio to complement a scrolling script of the broadcast using a video editing software which enabled a "credits" function. I placed this edited section on my exchange page. In this clip Attenborough talked about how Wallace handled the co-publication of his paper with Darwin. Attenborough also said, "For me, there is no more admirable character in the history of science." I thought this quote was an appropriate tribute to Wallace.
Attenborough: The Forgotten Story of Alfred Russel Wallace. Perf. David Attenborough. BBC Science. N.p., 6 Nov. 2013. Web. 14 Feb. 2016. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/0/24837130>. This is a different version of the original BBC broadcast, which contains images. I used a portion of this video on my Nature Encounter, where there was a actor portrayal of Wallace's excitement about the ornithoptera croesus.
Atterbury, Paul. "Victorian Technology." BBC. N.p., 17 Feb. 2011. Web. 10 May 2016. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/victorian_technology_01.shtml>. This article from BBC told me about the major advancements in technology during the Victorian era. Understanding the context of Wallace's life was important to my project. I needed to know about the achievements in his time that made it possible for him to accomplish what he did. For example, the advancement of steamships made it possible for him to travel to and around the Malay Archipelago.
Baby Orangutan. Digital image. Create.ou.edu. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Feb. 2016. <http://create.ou.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/52a898c33fbb6a398af669ca4889db35.jpg>. This is an image of a baby orangutan today. It demonstrates to me what the baby orangutan that Wallace was so attached to may have looked like. I used this image on my Nature Encounters page.
Baucom, Regina S., and Jodie S. Holt. "Weeds of Agricultural Importance: Bridging the Gap between Evolutionary Ecology and Crop and Weed Science." New Phytologist 184.4 (2009): 741-43. Web. This article helped me to see what kind of work is being done in the field of evolution today. This article told me about why weeds are important to our understanding of evolution. This was good information that helped me with my project because it gives me an example of what is going on today in the field of evolutionary science. It helps me understand how Wallace's work is being built on from a scientific perspective.
Beadle, David D. Common Paradise-Kingfisher (Tanysiptera Galatea). Digital image. The Internet Bird Collection. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2016. <http://ibc.lynxeds.com/photo/common-paradise-kingfisher-tanysiptera-galatea/singing-bird-along-small-wooded-stream>.When I read about the distinctive racquet-tail of the Common Paradise-Kingfisher that Wallace described in his book, I searched for an image of that showed it. I found this photograph and put it on my Nature Encounters page.
Bill Bailey and George Beccaloni. Digital image. Natural History Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2016. <http://www.nhm.ac.uk/natureplus/servlet/JiveServlet/showImage/38-2854-45935/bill-baiiley-george-beccaloni.jpg?fromGateway=true>. I used their image on my Idea Encounters page next to a segment of the video 'Bill Bailey on Alfred Russel Wallace' that contains their discussion about Wallace's zoogeographical contributions. Bill Bailey is a comedian, musician, and actor. George Beccaloni is a curator of insects at the NHM London.
Bill Bailey on Alfred Russel Wallace. Perf. Bill Bailey and George Beccaloni. Bill Bailey on Alfred Russel Wallace. Natural History Museum, London, n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2016. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KT2YbugYcjQ>. In this video, Bill Bailey shares his admiration for Wallace, and talks with George Beccaloni. George Beccaloni talks about how Wallace came up with the "Wallace Line" and his map of Zoogeographical Regions. I edited the sections which I felt were most relevant together to make a short clip. I used this edited clip on my Idea Encounters page.
Boys Playing Gasing (top) Game. Digital image. ASEAN Tourism. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Feb. 2016. <http://www.aseantourism.travel/media/kcfinder/images/articles/a38-2015-3.jpg>. I investigated the tops spun on a string that Wallace described. I found out that it's called "gasing," the Malay word for top. I found this modern day picture of some boys playing the game. I used this image on my Cultural Exchange page. I utilized the image to show Wallace's interest and interaction with the children.
Chambers, Robert. Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation. London: John Churchill, 1844. Print. The "Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation" is a book that Wallace was influenced by. It is speculative and philosophical. Although this book was extremely controversial, it was also popular. It was read to Queen Victoria by Prince Albert in 1845. I used an image of the first edition title page on my "Background" page.
Collection Database of Nationaal Museum Van Wereldculturen. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 May 2016. <http://collectie.wereldculturen.nl/Default.aspx>.This was a really helpful resource for finding historical images, especially of indigenous peoples. It is a combination of collections from Tropenmuseum, the Africa Museum, and the Museum of Ethnology.
Colonial Surveying Tools. N.d. History.org. Web. 15 Mar. 2016. <http://www.history.org/foundation/journal/images/Srveyng.jpg>. I wanted to find an illustration to portray Wallace's surveying work. I found this painting of colonial surveying tools. They are much like the ones that Wallace and his brother William may have used. I used this image in my timeline.
Commemorative Plaque for the 100 Year Anniversary. Digital image.The Alfred Russel Wallace Website. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Feb. 2016. <http://wallacefund.info/files/Linnean%20Society%201858%20plaque%20Small.jpg>. The plaque this image is of commemorates the 100th year anniversary of the Linnean society presentation of Wallace and Darwin's co-publication of natural selection. I used this image on my Scientific Exchange page to represent the presentation Wallace and Darwin's joint paper on natural selection.
Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Greater Bird of Paradise. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Apr. 2016. <https://i.ytimg.com/vi/KIYkpwyKEhY/maxresdefault.jpg>. This image us of the Greater Bird of Paradise. The Greater Bird of Paradise is found in the Austra-asian region. I used this image in the creation of the poster of some of the fauna on the east and west sides of Wallace's line on my Idea Encounters page.
Cornell Lab of Ornithology. "King Bird-of-Paradise." Birds-of-Paradise Project. N.p., 7 Nov. 2012. Web. 14 Feb. 2016. <http://www.birdsofparadiseproject.org/index.php>. When I read Wallace's statement that he required the "poetic faculty" to "fully express" what he felt when encountering the King Bird of Paradise for the first time, I wanted to see the bird for myself. I found this video of a King Bird-of-Paradise in courtship display. I used this video on my Nature Encounters page.
A Dayak Bamboo Bridge. Digital image. Hort Log. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Feb. 2016. <http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_A2GmZY6kvoU/SJC2kV3bx1I/AAAAAAAAAdk/QCpTaXroOZw/Picture_136sk.jpg>. I looked for an image that displayed the "X"s on the bridge that Wallace described. I finally found this image which is is a side-view of a bamboo bridge built in honor of their ancestors' traditions. It's true to Wallace's description more than 100 years ago. I used this image to illustrate one of Wallace's cultural exchanges.
Dobinson, Eilza. Hertford Grammar School. C. 1815. The Alfred Russel Wallace Website. Web. 15 Mar. 2016. <http://wallacefund.info/files/Hertford%20Grammar%20School%20by%20Eliza%20Dobinson%20c.%201815.small_.jpg>. This is a watercolor of Wallace's grammar school. It shows the school when there were still children attending it around the time Wallace was alive, which gave me an idea of what Wallace saw. I used this image on my timeline.
مانفی . Durian. Digital image. Wikimedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2016. <https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Durian_in_black.jpg>. This is an image of a Durian, which Wallace encountered in Sarawak and believed should be the king of fruits. I used it on my People and Cultures Encounters page.
Giant Bamboo Bridge Used Traditionally to Walk over Mangroves. Digital image. Trip Advisor. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Apr. 2016. <https://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/01/76/47/73/giant-bamboo-bridge-used.jpg>. This is a view of a picture of a bamboo bridge built in honor of old native traditions that shows what somebody about to step on to the bridge would see. This is the type of bridge that Wallace described. I used this image, along with an image clearly showing the "X" of the bridge, to illustrate one of his cultural exchanges.
Haskin, Dylan. Orangutan. Digital image. National Geographic. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Apr. 2016. <http://yourshot.nationalgeographic.com/photos/6471949/?source=gallery>. This photograph is of the orangutan, a mammal Wallace encountered numerous times in the Asian region. I used this image in the creation of the poster of some of the fauna on the east and west sides of Wallace's line.
"Honours Wallace Received." The Alfred Russel Wallace Website. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2016. <http://wallacefund.info/honours-wallace-received>. Here is a collection of images of the many awards and honors that Wallace received. I used some of them on my timeline to show the recognition Wallace received for his contributions.
Hornbuckle, Jon. Red Lory - Eos Bornea Cyanonotha. Digital image.Oriental Bird Images. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Apr. 2016. <http://orientalbirdimages.org/search.php?Bird_ID=525&Bird_Image_ID=68903&p=2>. This image us of the Red Lory, a bird found in the Austra-asian region. I used this image in the creation of the poster of some of the fauna on the east and west sides of the Wallace Line.
Internet Archive. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 May 2016. <https://archive.org/>.This is an archive which has a lot of books scanned in. I used it to see the early editions of the books that I needed. For example, many of the title pages for my timeline were from scans on this website.
Jweeyh. Banded Woodpecker. Digital image. Bird Forum. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2016. <http://www.birdforum.net/opus/Banded_Woodpecker>. This is an image of the Banded Woodpecker on the west side of the Wallace Line. It was used in the creation of the poster where I displayed the fauna to the east and west of the Wallace Line on my Idea Encounters page.
Kee, Lip. Yellow-vented Bulbul. Digital image. Wikimedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2016. <https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yellow-vented_Bulbul_(Pycnonotus_goiavier)_-_Flickr_-_Lip_Kee_(7).jpg>. This is an image of the Yellow-vented Bulbul on the west side of the Wallace Line. It was used in the poster display of the fauna to the east and west of the Wallace Line on my Idea Encounters page.
Macleod, Alasdair. Explorers: Great Tales of Adventure and Endurance. N.p.: DK, 2010. Print. This is the book that I looked through to choose a scientific explorer who inspired me for my NHD project. When looking through the scientific explorer section of this book, I found people like Alexander von Humboldt and Carsten Niebuhr. I also found Wallace who really inspired me because he was self taught and worked his way up from a less prominent position to be a co-discoverer of natural selection. Wallace also was of good character. The banner on the top of my website, with the beetles collected by Wallace in the Malay Archipelago, is also from an image on page 275 of this book.
Midori, Sakurai. Bear Cuscus. Digital image. Wikimedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Apr. 2016. <https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ailurops_ursinus_Naemundung_2_North_Sulawesi.jpg>. This image us of the marsupial Bear Cuscus. It is found in the Austra-asian region. I used this image in the creation of the poster of some of the fauna on the east and west sides of the Wallace Line.
Nash, Robert. Ornithoptera Priamus Pronomus Lockerbie Scrub Cape York Peninsula Australia 25 August 1975. Digital image. Wikimedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2016. <https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Priamuspronomus.jpg>.Wallace was interested in the Ornithoptera butterflies, of which this is one species. He compares the ornithoptera croesus to this. I used it on my encounter page.
National Museum of Natural History. "An Update of Wallace's Zoogeographic Regions of the World." The Backbone. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2016. <http://nmnh.typepad.com/backbone/2013/01/an-update-of-wallaces-zoogeographic-regions-of-the-world.html>. This article gave me more information on Wallace's map of terrestrial zoogeographic regions. It also showed me how close Wallace's original map was to the one current-day researchers have drawn. It also told me about how Wallace's contributions to biogeography are being built on.
Petersson, Lars. Black Palm Cockatoo (Probosciger Aterrimus). Digital image. The Internet Bird Collection. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2016. <http://ibc.lynxeds.com/photo/palm-cockatoo-probosciger-aterrimus/pair-perched>. This is a pair of Palm Cockatoos. Wallace wrote about Palm Cockatoos in the Aru Islands, describing their appearance and diet, which prompted me to find out what they look like in an image. I used this photograph on my Nature Encounter page.
Raby, Peter. Alfred Russel Wallace: A Life. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 2001. Print. This is a biography of Wallace's life. It was a helpful secondary source, going through Wallace's entire life. It gives me a historian's perspective of Wallace's life and achievements. It also helps me to confirm my understanding of primary sources.
Rosen, Jonathan. "Missing Link." The New Yorker (2007): n. pag. Web. 2 Feb. 2016. <http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/02/12/missing-link>. This article gave a lot of background information about Wallace before and after his exploration in the Malay Archipelago. It also gave me some brief information about Darwin.
Shanks, Niall, and Rebecca A. Pyles. "Evolution and Medicine: The Long Reach of "Dr. Darwin"" Philos Ethics Humanit Med Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine 2.1 (2007): 4. Web.This article helps me understand the relationship between evolution and biology. It gives me some examples of the relevance of evolution in medicine. It also tells me of how biomedicine has improved scientists' understanding of evolution. This helps me comprehend more of the full impact of evolution and natural selection in today's society.
Sir David Attenborough. Digital image. Geni. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2016. <http://photos.geni.com/p13/4b/ae/7d/05/53444839030f7344/sir-david-attenborough_medium.jpg>. This is an image of Sir David Attenborough, a British broadcaster and naturalist. I put this picture next to his quote about Wallace on my "Scientific Exchange" page to show the viewer who was talking in the audio clip.
Smith, Anthony. Alfred Russel Wallace Gazing at Ornithoptera Croesus. 2013. Natural History Museum, London. 3rd Dimension. Web. 14 Feb. 2016. <http://3rd-dimensionpmsa.org.uk/backend/resources/smith-1-.jpg>. This statue was to commemorate the centennial since Wallace's death. It is of him gazing at an ornithoptera croesus, butterfly net in hand. He was awed, writing "...my heart began to beat violently, the blood rushed to my head, and I felt much more like fainting than I have done when in apprehension of immediate death." I used this image on my Nature Encounters page.
Smith, Charles H. The Alfred Russel Wallace Page. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Jan. 2016. <http://people.wku.edu/charles.smith/index1.htm>. This website is a compilation of primary sources relating to Wallace. It was very helpful in finding primary sources. I found many of Wallace's books here as well as other primary sources like obituaries about Wallace.
Smith, Charles H. "Wallace in the Malay Archipelago." BioScience Dec. 2013: n. pag. Web. 18 Jan. 2016. This is an article discussing a book by John van Whye, a historian based in Singapore. The book's title is "Dispelling the Darkness: Voyage in the Malay Archipelago and the discovery of evolution by Wallace and Darwin." This clarifies for me how some of van Whye's interpretations are not sufficiently supported and van Whye's possible misinterpretations.
Strutt, Aaron. "Why Does Charles Darwin Eclipse Alfred Russel Wallace?" BBC News. N.p., 26 Feb. 2013. Web. 10 May 2016. <http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-21549079>. This article from BBC confirmed my thoughts and gave me some new ideas about why Wallace isn't as recognized as Darwin. It helped me gain comprehension of Wallace's fall out of fame. This article also shows that he deserves to be more recognized than he is.
Taylor, Taro. A Macaca Fascicularis Hand Helping a Macaca Fascicularis Baby. Digital image. Wikimedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2016. <https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_Macaca_fascicularis_hand_helping_a_Macaca_fascicularis_baby_in_Bali,_Indonesia.jpg>. I investigated Wallace's orangutan's companion and found this image. It is a current-day photo of the same species. I used this image on my Nature Encounters page.
University of California Museum of Paleontology. "The Relevance of Evolution." Relevance of Evolution. Understanding Evolution, n.d. Web. 10 May 2016. <http://www.evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/relevance/>. This site really helped me understand how Wallace's discovery of natural selection is being built on and applied today. There are three fields that this website covers: medicine, agriculture & economics, and conservation. This website also gave me specific examples. The images I used in my slideshow on my Significance page are from this website.
Van Elegem, Bernard. Rufous-bellied Kookaburra. Digital image.Bernard Van Elegem. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Apr. 2016. <http://www.bernardvanelegem.com/image/rufous-bellied-kookaburra>. This image us of the the Rufous-bellied Kookaburra, a bird found in the Austra-asian region. I used this image in the creation of the map of some of the fauna on the east and west sides of the Wallace Line.
"Victorian Britain: A Brief History." The Historical Association. N.p., 17 Jan. 2011. Web. 10 May 2016. <https://www.history.org.uk/resources/primary_resource_3871_134.html>. This website helped me to understand the historical context of Wallace's time. It told me about some of the key developments in Victorian Society and what was going on. Through this, I was able to unravel where Wallace came from.
Wallace Line. Digital image. Murray State Campus. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Feb. 2016. <http://campus.murraystate.edu/academic/faculty/tderting/bio116/wallace_line.gif>. This image is of the Wallace Line. I used this image in my poster of the fauna on the east and west sides of the Wallace Line on my Idea Encounters page.
Wallace Wall Mural in Ternate, Indonesia. Digital image. BBC. BBC, n.d. Web. 18 Dec. 2015. <https://www.google.com/search?q=graffiti+alfred+russel+wallace&rlz=1C1CHMO_enUS466US466&oq=graf&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j69i59.5022j0j4&sourceid=chrome&es_sm=122&ie=UTF-8>. This image of a wall mural in Ternate honors Alfred Russel Wallace. It shows that the native people are influenced by him, and loved him. I used it on my Significance page.
Wallace's Golden Birdwing Butterfly. Digital image. HHMI. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2016. <http://media.hhmi.org/biointeractive/iotw/birdwing-IOTW.jpg>. This is an image of the ornithoptera croesus, one of the specimens that Wallace was greatly excited about. I used this on my encounter page with the actor portrayal of a quote about this butterfly and the quote itself.
Wong, Steven. Wallace's Flying Tree Frog. Digital image. National Geographic. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2016. <http://yourshot.nationalgeographic.com/photos/3194071/?source=gallery>. This is an image of Wallace's Flying Tree frog, which he first encountered in Sarawak. It is a current-day image of the same species of frog that he saw. I used this on my Nature Encounters page.